किं तवान् कुशीलवान् क्रूरान् पाषण्डस्थांश्च मानवान् ।
. Verse 225 functions as a preemptive legal measure. By banishing these groups, the king is thought to be "pruning" the city of influences that could lead to the moral decay of the population. Historical and Modern Context
While primarily referring to sellers of wine, some interpretations also include those habitually addicted to excessive drinking. Historical and Legal Context manusmriti chapter 9 verse 225
As a significant text in Hindu law and social norms, the Manusmriti continues to influence contemporary Indian society. While criticisms and controversies surround the text, Manusmriti Chapter 9 Verse 225 remains an important guide to understanding ancient Indian values and principles.
: Those who abandon their prescribed varna (duties) to perform work not assigned to them. Historical and Modern Context While primarily referring to
According to the translation by Ganganath Jha , the Sanskrit verse runs as follows:
Actors, dancers, musicians, or public entertainers whose lifestyles were viewed by orthodox lawgivers as migratory or disruptive to family values. : Those who abandon their prescribed varna (duties)
To accurately interpret this verse, it must be read directly alongside the verse that immediately follows it, :
The Manusmriti, or Laws of Manu , is one of the most debated legal and ethical treatises of ancient India. Composed in Sanskrit verse, it traditionally outlines the duties, laws, and codes of conduct ( dharma ) for individuals and society. Within this text, Chapter 9 primarily addresses the duties of husbands and wives, inheritance laws, civil and criminal codes, and the obligations of a king to maintain public order.