Paragraph C states: "The technological catalyst for modern crowdmapping was the creation of Ushahidi, an open-source platform developed in Kenya during the 2008 post-election violence." This directly matches the requirement for a "specific historical event" that sparked the software. 2. Answer: D
The "Crowdmapping" passage typically uses three specific question formats:
While the text may mention that some governments use the data, it does not provide information or statistics regarding widespread financial funding. Part 3: Summary Completion crowdmapping ielts reading answers updated
While crowdmapping offers rapid data collection, it faces challenges regarding data reliability and ________________. To combat these issues, agencies are introducing hybrid models that utilize 12. ________________ to automatically detect irregularities in user reports. Additionally, trusted individuals serve as 13. ________________ to double-check information directly on the ground, ensuring a more balanced and accurate final map. Answer Key C D E A F FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE TRUE inclusivity artificial intelligence (or AI algorithms ) digital gatekeepers Detailed Explanations & Answer Strategies 1. Answer: C
A lack of digital access in some regions results in a phenomenon known as __________. Paragraph C states: "The technological catalyst for modern
Privacy and digital security present further complications. Mapping sensitive data, such as the locations of vulnerable refugee camps or political protests, can inadvertently expose individuals to surveillance or targeted attacks by hostile actors. Furthermore, crowdmapping suffers from participation bias; maps often reflect a disproportionate number of inputs from affluent urban areas with high smartphone penetration, leaving rural or economically disadvantaged regions underrepresented.
Paragraph C details the 2010 Haiti earthquake (a severe geological event) and explains how crowdmapping allowed search-and-rescue teams to navigate landscapes and allocate emergency resources (logistics). 6. cartographers Answer: cartographers Part 3: Summary Completion While crowdmapping offers rapid
Quickly scan the text for terms like Ushahidi, GPS, GIS, Haiti, Kenya , and dates. Circle them. They act as anchors when answering specific case-study questions.
– Smartphones/Internet connectivity Part 2: Summary Completion (Keywords) Crisis : Crowdmapping is most vital during a sudden crisis .
If the text says it replaces traditional news (it usually complements ). 1. Passage Summary
: Obtaining information by enlisting the services of a large number of people.